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Gastroenterology

Gastroenterology is the branch of medicine concerned with the digestive system and its diseases which includes the gastrointestinal tract (esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and anus) as well as the pancreas, liver, bile ducts and gallbladder.

What is a Gastroenterology?

Gastroenterologists are medical professionals who diagnose and treat problems in your gastrointestinal (GI) tract and liver. Gastroenterologists diagnose and treat the diseases and disorders affecting organs from the mouth to anus. Among the most common disorders they must deal with are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric and duodenal ulcers, malignant tumors, inflammatory bowel diseases, colorectal cancer, and rectal disorders.

Symptoms treated by a Gastroenterology are:

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Gastro-Oeosphageal Acid reflux
Pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas)
Hepatitis
Inflammatory bowel disease
Jaundice
Polyps in the large intestine
Gastrointestinal cancer
Reflux esophagitis (caused by gastroesophageal disease)
Hemorrhoids
Bloody stool, cramping, bloating

The procedures performed by Gastroenterology are:

Colonoscopy - a procedure done to detect colon polyps or colon cancer
Endoscopic ultrasound - a procedure used to examine the upper and lower GI tract as well as other internal organs.
Liver biopsy - this is done to access inflammation and fibrosis
Sigmoidoscopy - to evaluate blood loss or pain during a bowel movement.
Capsule endoscopy - to examine the small intestine
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography - to look for gallstones tumors or any scar in the bile duct.
Double balloon enteroscopy - this is also done to examine the small intestine.

Throat conditions that an otolaryngologist treats include:

Hoarseness
Sore throat
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Swallowing disorders
Vocal cord disorders
Laryngitis
Conditions affecting the tonsils and adenoids
Throat tumors and Snoring

The latest Technology used in Gastroenterology Treatment is

Chromoendoscopy

Chromoendoscopy uses multiple dyes to enhance the visualization of mucosal lesions and allows for histopathological diagnosis during the procedure. It can magnify images hundreds of times using adjustable lenses. Chromoendoscopy has contributed to the diagnosis of intestinal metaplasia, dysplasia, early gastrointestinal cancer, and colorectal polyps.

Narrow-Band Imaging

This method provides up to 1000-fold magnification. The white light component used in conventional endoscopy is reflected at narrow band intervals at the mucosal surface and visualized in such a way that contrast differences and surface patterns of lesions and vasculature are visualized in detail. Deep mucosal structures are visualized with conventional colonoscopy, whereas superficial features are better visualized with his NBI.

Flexible Spectral Imaging Color Enhancement

This technology changes the color of endoscopic images in real-time. The original image is arithmetically processed with a certain wavelength of light. The colors of the actual image are changed using the absorption and emission properties of light, revealing fine mucosal details for a clearer image.

I-Scan

I-Scan technology enhances diagnostic accuracy by revealing details of the gastrointestinal mucosa. Unlike chromoendoscopy, I-scans do not use dyes or contrast agents. I-SCAN does not use the contrast created by different wavelengths of light, unlike NBI. I-Scan is a software-based imaging technology.

Magnifying Endoscopy

A magnifying endoscope can magnify an endoscopic image a hundred times. This makes it possible to visualize small lesions that were missed by conventional endoscopy. It also better displays the pattern of mucosa and capillaries. It is superior to conventional endoscopy in detecting pattern changes in colonic polyps and mucosal changes in inflammatory bowel disease.

Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy

This technique enables non-invasive real-time assessment of cellular and molecular properties of tissue, giving birth to the concept of optical biopsy. It is evolving rapidly and being further developed for new applications.